Infinite variations of a work

When a writer's literary work goes into this endless loop of memory and the interpretation that feed the bunkers where they keep the manuscripts and unpublished tapuscritos, notebooks, drafts and forgotten texts, it is assumed that the author emphatically already is in the center of the canon. With the "new books" of a past closed by the posthumous, publishers eager to satiate the pleasure of the text of the orphans and the alluvial readers exegesis of scholars. Unexpectedly, the writer continues to write for us, confirming the spectral character of the literature: there is no "death of the author," perhaps because everything is already a dead author, all writing is probate and how I wanted Chateaubriand, can only be written "memoirs from beyond the grave." Even in the unfinished and makeshift as always about literature and with it there is a core of meaning that is expanding: the unpublished writings of some particular way dialogue with the figure of the writer put into play and readers who make up his audience, implicit addressee.

One of the ways that opens up the literature retrieved texts is what kind of relationship they establish in a new plot, with the known texts, and also what kind of writer is there, who was that guy in the suspension, timeless and while dated, the act of writing literature. If the author of these texts recovered file is Juan Jose Saer (1937-2005), like these working papers , the first volume of the collection of unpublished drafts , its discovery is fascinating. Saer, as observed in July Premat Heroes Without Qualities (2009), was "along with Borges, an Argentine authors with more insight and dramatic intensity set in the center of its literature the question of how to be, or be re- , or remain, a writer "and had, since its inception, a true fictional project. Premat, one of the sharpest specialists in the work of Saer, author of The Joy of Saturn (2002) and the critical edition of gloss and the stepson published in the Archives collection (2010) - found in the wardrobe department and library Saer in Paris sixty books, twenty folders and flyers with "manuscripts of much of the literature, an important series of poems and essays" and a set of writings that includes "ideas, aphorisms, truncated texts, some reports completed , early drafts, reading comments, witticisms, diagrams, etc., etc. ". For five years, a team of researchers led by him, and with the help of another, based in Argentina in the field of CONICET (project files Saer, directed by Miguel Dalmaroni) - compiled, studied, classified and structured for fluid reading that huge and spread "textual heterogeneous mass" whose publication begins with this book.

The critical work of Premat and his team is remarkable, a critical acumen and an extraordinary intellectual honesty, because, despite his statement that there is work to be published posthumously except that which came to organizing the author, as the Large (2005) or testing of Work (2006) - in fact produce "new" books that expand and modify Saer perception of his work known and profile writer. It is a truly compositional task, that belies the very poetry of Saer, but even the states from the very subtitle of Drafts . The term, Premat writes, "is no stranger to the semantic and logical system" of his work. In the story titles like "Half delete" or the novel The indelible in the temporary nature of the literature, the rejection of definitive books, Saer think, as genetic criticism, "literature from the variations , the unfinished, the incomplete. Drafts of all work, no manuscripts of published books. " Working Paper contains a prologue establishing the typology and chronology of the texts and a comprehensive set of notes that rebuilt its entirety and detailed links with all the known work. Premat divided the writings of this volume into four parts: the "Book 0" (youth unpublished texts prior to 1960), the "Argentine Papers" (seven notebooks and loose texts, pre-trip and establishment of Saer in France); the "Book Core I" (almost autonomous and valuable book of general ideas about literature, reviews, quotes and short essays written between 1963 and 1978) and, finally, documents and variants of the novel The occasion .

The mere reading of the eighty-three pages of tightly font that reproduces the "Notebook Core 1", Saer referred to as an old notebook in which he notes on fiction, essays, some quotes taken up in a novel, and justifies the volume. This is a fully Saer, which reflects on the art of fiction or outlines arguments, which defines, for example, that "the national is childhood" in a way akin to anarchism, as no state can adjudicárselo since that represents the "single practice crucial" for the acquisition of language and experience the world on the horizon, because memory updates the native and the narrative flashes that matter. Or speculate on the historic landscape and the way in which time changes the nature embodied in the story. But there are also re-readings of surrealism, Borges, Lugones, Faulkner, James, of Pavese, the artist as a critic. Also, the usual Saer strong opinions, their preferences known and some of the belligerents, as Marechal or disdain for the brutal, sarcastically reasoned that begins: "David Vines is like a boneless chicken. Have fiber, but fiber of the breast , if you boil it loses cohesion. "

The rest of the notebooks provides multiple epiphanies where the reader can perceive various traits. One is the proliferation of early or expansion of the stories. For example, the early attempts of the actual lemon (1974) or of the time (1986), or that make this expansion both the phenomenological sense of place or area in the literature of Saer as the characters turn to the mode a genealogy narrative: stories in which these scenes are completed, as narrated in "less", which reveals what happened after the assassination of Rivarola in the story "Fire to Rivarola," included in the area (1960). Or another version entitled "Half delete" or the stories that surround tales place Unit (1967), or the reappearance of characters from Tomatis, Barco, Leto, Natal. Another feature is the confirmation of the radical importance of poetry for Saer, not only as a reader but as a poet, with the inclusion of several poems published in The art of storytelling (1977 and 2000) or very early draft of a "novel poetic. "

Notably the project self lucid writer and writing. In The concept of fiction (1997) Saer wrote that "the writer is not nobody" and that, for the rest of mankind that no content is filled with social images "to the writer the whole thing is to preserve "them. These books recorded the poignant statement that "will not let anyone enter my notebooks, as they did with Kafka and Pavese. I do not die. I will choose the time what the word is just and necessary that I say" and also struggles against the dispersion and loss of time, the fierce relentless work spreads in each of the notes, of beginnings, of evidence of statements. Nothing contradicts it. This volume argues that literature is a pure act Saer, a continuous realization and, at the same time, an exercise open, unfinished. Like all great writers, these notebooks also Saer we still provides, inventing as readers. .

Source in Spanish.

See Read

I travel quite in the Madrid subway, the city where I live for about three years, and in recent months (therefore, I suppose, Christmas gifts and Kings) have noticed that for every three trips I do, at least I run one with someone reading a Kindle or something. I seek not to statistics from my experience, tied to specific times and routes, but I can say that yesterday, while traveling on line 5 Papyre a reader sitting to my right, I had to wonder how they change our habits reading and reading of the act of perception of others, when the old woman traveling on my left, absorbed in his magazine with monstrous pictures of the Duchess of Alba, the station fell and Diego de Leon (I swear on a Bible, but is paper) in its place sat a woman with a Sony ebook, so that for the first time in my life (though I suspect not the last), I was between two electronic readers.

I'm not against developments or changes because, among other reasons, we grant eternal youth of the first times. As for the eBooks promoted inspire me curious. I like the invention of a screen, in theory, is less harmful to the eyes than regular computers. Electronic books seem practical when a move is tantamount to move hundreds of volumes or, for example, when we need to check the overnight a book that is not achieved in our city and can not wait to bring us the mail. I also think that lend themselves well to the reference material (dictionaries, encyclopedias), but, truth be told, when reading a novel, a poem or a story I still prefer him to bed or chair with a good book paper. At the same time, I worry that because digital formats are pirated books with impunity download music today, not to mention the musicians that make up the loss (at least partially) with concerts and radio copyright or TV, for example, while the writers have no alternative: we only charge a royalty for every book sold and when invited to public lectures (in a bookstore or a library) hopefully thank us, except in a few countries like Germany where these readings are paid. eBooks can be created from document files like DOC or PDF using a tool like this one.

Long before e-books, the writer Julien Gracq observed in his essay writing Reading (1980) that "the last fifteen years, which seems to be having much in the history of our literature, have made ​​more changes in the publishing industry and in the book trade than those who were known since Gutenberg. " Everything suggests, following this reasoning Gracq, readers (especially readers) of the underground world of packaging have changed much more than content. But I'm not sure. And if my humble statistical study of the subject falters at this point it is no accident: I can easily make a census of the colors, shapes and formats called "ereaders" but I can not say which authors and titles being read as such information has become invisible. There's something about this phenomenon that could be compared with the old and emergence of the walkman , when music became a secret in his ear. However, in the case of music, there was (and still are) bad leaks headphones and high volumes and it was not necessary, as with the ebooks, an attitude too indiscreet to know, at least, if our neighbor's seat reading an essay, novel, magazine, or work material.

I had two aunts who were teachers of literature in Buenos Aires. One of them committed the "slip" to read, and then, a book inappropriate for its range. I remember when I wanted to read an annotated biography of Carlos Monzon (then at the height of his fame), and as no one should see it with "it" decided to line the cover to conceal the crime. There are other people that comes as my aunt, but far from legion, for we love the books, therefore, be on public transport, in a waiting room or in a cafe is often a barometer of what " is reading ". Detect not only titles and authors, but to see someone with a work that tempts us read, for example, assess whether it has already reached this stage that our treasured memory perhaps somewhat disrupted. The ebooks, unfortunately, erased tracks and experiences like that. Each page looks like another, as the book of a marble statue.

Check reading is, for centuries, a show as informative as sensual. One of my favorite paintings in the Musée d'Orsay, Paris, is the reader , by Fantin-Latour, link in a chain of works that present a woman with a book, from Renoir and Monet to Picasso and Balthus, from the "Reading submissive" to "reading distraíida" of Magritte. About Reader submissive Magritte, Aira César recently wrote a comment on some inspired idea reminiscent of Marcel Duchamp: the title is a "color" of the table (more on the case of painters such as Magritte and De Chirico, titrators excellent). It occurs to me, from this, that the loss of data in the book you see our neighbor in the subway or the bus, train or plane is by permission of Duchamp, "a color less." Already we can not say, as before, "was tall, pale, blond and was reading Stendhal?" What shall we say? "She was dark, with green eyes and had a Samsung brand ebook?

Source in Spanish.

E-commerce: shopping with a click

Sofia bought a perfume while waiting for the cake is cooked in the oven. Dolores, in bed with slippers and her belly five months, compared strollers to end up settling on one that would send him home. Florence, returning home by bus, decided to buy a dress to premiere this weekend. A computer, a laptop, smartphone, credit card and Wi-Fi. The phenomenon of connectivity involves much more than the development and the spread of technology, is a permanent release of new customs and cultural phenomena that directly impact our day to day. One of them, online shopping, among Argentine adept sum.

So no surprise at all that e-commerce has an annual growth of nearly 50 percent.

What are the benefits?

Convenience: you can buy anything with just a few clicks.

Speed: save time lose standing in queues, or waiting for vendors trying on and optimize the search.

Variety: the multiplicity of supply of both brands and products.

Coverage: shoppers inside the country have access to products that would otherwise not have.

Price: there are discounts, promotions and special prices due to the reduction of many of the costs of the seller.

Open 24: the "business" are always open, no longer have to be aware of trading hours.

Online community: social networks have high impact on purchasing decisions through user feedback.

Shopping Guide Online

The step by step virtual mall has a very easy method that is repeated almost without exception page by page. The first thing you have to do is fill out a form with a few data and create a user name. Then when you log in, you can access the online catalog to start filling your "shopping cart". For that, once you found a product you like, enter to view its details and if you're interested, you click on "buy" to add it to your "bag" or "car" virtual. Once you've chosen everything you need, comprobás the delivery address is correct, surely you entered when you filled the first form-introducís payment details and buy. At the same time, they send you an email with the confirmation of purchase. That's it. Easy and convenient. Only hope that the order arrives to your door.

Methods of payment

If you choose to pay by credit card, you enter the data and go. Whereas, if you prefer to do so in EasyPay or Rapipago, you have to print a coupon then pay in one of these local fast payment. Some sites offer to pay cash or making the product contraentrega via PayPal, money transfer system between users with email. Once the payment is a logistics provider DHL, OCA or the sending Argentine Post door to door.

Fears and doubts

What if I hack the card? Why so much data? What if the payment is credited me, but then send me anything? So. Comes time to pay and you become a knot of doubts. But the truth is that while there are still "ciberchantas", there are several ways to ensure your operation is successful, your data remains safe. According to the CACE (Argentina Chamber of Electronic Commerce), payment systems Dineromail, MercadoPago-used by many websites to collect card, and PayPal are trusted platforms. In addition, he advises that at the time of payment is pay attention to certain safety standards, as the closed padlock should appear on the navigation bar or the prefix "https://"-yes, with "s" - which guarantee the encryption of the page and the protection of personal data.

Other tips

It is true that there may be doubts about the reliability of the partner, especially if this is the first time you shop there, but everything will be fine if you take the minimum precautions. It is essential to know the seller. There should be clarity in terms of the transaction, immediacy of responses to consultations and the existence of a physical place of contact with the page. If necessary, call and clears doubts, since a secure website has a customer service center to guide you through what you need. There are even some multi-brand sites such as Happy Ophelia , in which each vendor is associated with your own personal user of Facebook, making the transaction more transparent. Moreover, in any event before the purchase is important to check the terms of the deal, such as data privacy, refund policies, charges for shipping and delivery dates. Do not forget: printed in, and save all mails evidencing payment.

What we buy?

What is still more you buy technology, but are growing very strongly female three markets: baby items, clothing and decor. While, in general, according to a study by Google, sales of clothing occupy the fifth place, Mercado Libre says that clothing is the third category that was sold in 2011 so far

Where to buy online

The truth is that everything is on the web a few clicks away, you do not have to walk and getting into great shopping, the best, you carry the bags to your door! There are clubs with great offers online shopping, as Clubpoint or DeluxeBuys ; multi portals as TiendasWeb or The Net Boutique -the latter sells clothing from designers like Mariano Toledo, Min Agostini or Dappiano-Mariana, and there are also websites that offer bulk purchases Deals at incredible prices like Agrupate, Wishiverse, Groupon or Lets Bonus . On the other hand, are the brands that have their own online business, as in the case of Vitamin , Wanama , Uma , Doll Store or Muaa . There are also online stores accessories like Lazarus or Prüne , and deco, and Palace Store . But that's not all. There are also innovative propuestan as Ophelia Happy or Bixti , which offer the opportunity to buy designer products, crafts and even pieces of art without leaving your home. Quality products and good design can also be purchased via Facebook. Although the methodology is different and usually paid by bank transfer or COD, is very interesting proposals, such as shop or Tony Antoniana Soiree.

Source in Spanish.

A hacker controlled 30 million computers

A court in Armenia last week condemned the young Russian Georgiv Avanesov to serving four years in prison for infecting millions of machines.

It is estimated that at the height of his crime, his network of "botnets" , as known to the "zombie computers" infected by certain viruses that allow the offender to control them and use them to infomáticos attacks and scams, they came to send some 3,600 million spam messages a day.

Computer rental

According to research, driven by the Russian authorities and Dutch criminal activity revolved around the Trojan virus known as Bredolab.

This virus is spread by hacking into certain pages such as Facebook, Skype and Amazon, through which the user received a malicious email attachment below that, when opened, infects your computer, a trick known as phishing .

After controlling the apparatus, the hacker rented part of his botnet to a third party who used them for his own crime committed. It was not until 2009 that the authorities began to be aware of the dimension of Bredolab and took a year to the Dutch police seize over 143 servers in that country, which is used to control millions of computers centrally.

Soon after, Avanesov was arrested at Yerevan airport in Armenia, where he was tried and sentenced to four years this week. The sentence was considered historic Armenia, since the country had never before imposed a prison sentence to a cybercriminal.

As said Graham Cluley, senior technology consultant at Sophos Computer Security Center, the business benefits Avanesov allowed to live a wild lifestyle, with "jet travel to the Seychelles with his girlfriend."

The czar spam

Not the first time that the authorities of a country condemning the activities of a young "spam czar." This is the nickname with which he met Oleg Nikolaenko, a Russian citizen of 25 years from 2010 being held in a U.S. prison awaiting trial.

Authorities charged Nikolaenko to become responsible for one third of all spam in circulation through the network of botnets Mega-D.

Russia is regarded by security experts a "cradle" of young hackers, due to an educational system that emphasizes the teaching of engineering and mathematics, but whose labor market offers opportunities for new generations of IT talent.

For this reason, it is believed that young Nikolaenko Avanesov and are tempted to participate in this type of illegal Internet business, which according to security firm Symantec annually generate about 114,000 million.

Source in Spanish.

The Argentine phones become digital wallets

In a joint agreement between MasterCard and Telefónica, the operator Movistar users will have access to Wanda, a mobile wallet phones available in both basic and smartphones. The objective of this platform will provide a financial service to those without the ability to access the banking system.

"This way, we provide people the ability to make payments or money transfers without the need for cash or a bank account," said Ramiro Gomez D'hers, general manager of Wanda Argentina. The mobile payment platform resembles a prepaid account, and now operates from any phone in La Plata, Mar del Plata, Rosario, Blue, Tandil and Balcarce, and that in the short term plans to extend its coverage in Buenos Aires and Cordoba .

No subscription charge or maintenance, Wanda basa income in transfer fees to users of the platform and in the percentage of each transaction carried out by a trader.

The ecosystem that provides the mobile wallet system allows consumers to operate with Wanda as a wallet, and vendors as a virtual box. "This is just one of the interesting options of the service, allowing you to add security to taxi drivers to avoid handling cash," says Gomez D'hers.

At this point, the platform aims to facilitate transactions where there are problems with the change at the time of payment, such as taxis, limos, kiosks and shipping services meals on wheels, segments where Wanda is in stage alliances and agreements.

Menu options are accessed from anywhere Wanda model mobile phone by dialing * 116 # . Its operation does not require installing additional software, and after making the high administrative account by telephone or any authorized agents or Movistar Wanda, you will receive a password that allows you to make deposits, withdrawals and transfers of money, payments in shops and top up the balance of the cell.

This type of experience and had its antecedents in different markets in Africa and Southeast Asia, where a high percentage of the population without access to traditional banking services, said the executive. "Locally, we hope to reach 18 million users Movistar, and over 100 million across Latin America, where Wanda extended its coverage to the twelve countries of the region," said Gomez D'hers.

The race for mobile money

With the support of MasterCard and Telefonica, Wanda is perhaps one of the platforms with greater range of service, given its availability in all models of phones without having to install an application, but not the only proposal available in the segment phone. DineroMail , for example, offers a payment platform from smartphones, and extended his support for merchants and end users with an alliance with Intel to improve security and payment experience.

"The online operations are becoming more frequent. In fact, 70% of those making a purchase online seeking information about products before purchase and 25% of them end up making a purchase through the Web, with an average purchase 858 pesos according to the data for 2011, "said Mariela Bravo, Business Segment Manager for Government and Intel Southern Cone, where the agreement was reported.

A few years ago, also Orange Card introduced in the interior Mo Orange service , which lets you assign an amount of money to a cell phone number and make payments using text messages validating.

Meanwhile Wallet service, which allows the payment card approach, was recently acquired by Visa form, which is expected relaunch in the coming months to position it as the alternative to make small payments on their network of shops mated to a savings, credit card or from a virtual prepaid account. Visa already has an agreement with Vodafone globally to provide mobile payments.

In the rest of the world and there are several initiatives in place that allow you to use the phone as a digital wallet.

Source in Spanish.